The first chatbot ELIZA has recently been revived by programmers.

The first chatbot ELIZA has recently been revived by programmers.

The first chatbot, called ELIZA, has been revived by programmers. Some specialists consider it a precursor to AI. However, the living developer just laughs. ELIZA is a simple program created in the 1960s by Joseph Weizenbaum, writes https://xrust.ru/. He was a professor at MIT. He was interested in the integration of humans and machines. He developed ELIZA for this purpose. It was a generalized conversation program that allowed a person to communicate with a computer. The program could run scripts with various language rules to represent different conversational personas. Weizenbaum named this early natural language processing program ELIZA after Eliza Doolittle from George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion,” in which a common girl learns to speak English with the diction characteristic of the upper class, despite her working-class background. Modern large language model AI systems, such as ChatGPT and Deepseek, are programmed to fill in gaps or answer questions. ELIZA, with its DOCTOR script, was programmed to encourage the user to keep the conversation going. He wrote the first and most famous script to run on ELIZA, called “DOCTOR,” to simulate the first interview between a patient and a psychotherapist. It responded to user input by selecting keywords and returning them in a friendly manner. Here is an excerpt from his program’s conversation with a patient: User: “All men are the same.” ELIZA: “HOW” User: “They always get us one way or another.” ELIZA: “CAN YOU PROVIDE A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE” User: “Well, my boyfriend made me come here.” ELIZA: “YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE” User: “He says I’m depressed most of the time.” ELIZA: “I’M SORRY TO HEAR THAT YOU’RE DEPRESSED.” Unlike modern chatbots that use large language models and are trained on vast language databases to generate responses, ELIZA, developed three decades before the term “chatbot” emerged, had little data to rely on. The DOCTOR script would look for keywords in the user’s response and mirror them in its reply. If a keyword was not found, the script would simply offer a general response. ELIZA was programmed to encourage the user to continue the conversation. This created the impression that it was a good listener, which is important in psychotherapy, and made the program a huge sensation.

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